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Laurelton Hall: The House that Provided Inspiration for Louis Comfort Tiffany’s Works

What is Laurelton Hall?

Laurelton Hall is a country estate that was built in 1902, in the environs of Oyster Bay, New York. Laurelton Hall became the home of Louis Comfort Tiffany and his family. Laurelton Hall was a place where Louis Comfort Tiffany would go to escape the city life of New York City. The house also served as inspiration for many of his works throughout his lifetime.

Creative Commons Laurelton Hall Exteriorl

Architecture and Gardens

LCT began to build Laurelton Hall in 1902, taking three year to complete. Most of the larger properties of the period were built in the style of French chateaux or Italian Palaces. Tiffany decided to take a different approach taking his influences from Asia and the Middle East. He wanted Laurelton Hall to be a retreat from the busy city life that he had grown accustomed to.

Laurelton Hall was the one and only house that Louis Comfort Tiffany designed from start to finish, including all of its furnishings.

The house is built in red brick and limestone, with an Oriental flavor. The main hall has nine domes of unequal size arranged on its tiled roofline. They were designed by Tiffany himself and constructed without nails or glue – just an ingenious system of curved metal rods and brackets.

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Tiffany and Laurelton Hall

What were the influence that inspired Tiffany in his design of Laurelton Hall?

Tiffany looked forward with modernistic architectural elements in his design featuring many clean lines.

The house is surrounded with lush gardens and scenic views of Long Island Sound. Louis Comfort Tiffany incorporated his designs in many areas of Laurelton Hall including stained glass windows, mosaics and paintings inside the home’s main living space.

Outside Laurelton Hall, Louis Comfort Tiffany designed the gardens to include a fountain and his signature glass pavilion.

The home boasted eighty-four rooms and eight different levels, as well as extensive grounds in which the house was integrated carefully.

The grand hall was decorated with stained glass windows, over seventy-five in all. Tiffany’s favorite window was the one he designed for Laurelton Hall titled “Everlasting Window”. It shows three women representing Faith Hope and Love sitting under a tree embracing each other – it symbolizes his family life.

The house has a library, an art studio and three guest bedrooms on the second floor. The six rooms are decorated to represent periods in Louis Comfort Tiffany’s life: Brooklyn (his birthplace), Italy, France

LCT’s work in Laurelton Hall included a new bedroom and bath for his wife, Louisa, the “Tiffany Suite.” And he created two luminaries for the Laurelton entry gate.

The design of Laurelton Hall is said to have been influenced by its natural setting, with many designs taken from nature: for example, peacocks were found roaming around at night so they were incorporated into the stained glass windows. Laurelton Hall is surrounded by a formal garden and woodland.

Tiffany also planted many varieties of trees on the property including cedar, oak and ash that are indigenous to New York State.

The Laurelton Hall gardens are classic examples of the American Arts and Crafts Movement. The design is a product of Louis Comfort Tiffany’s work

The house was set against woodlands on 500 acres of land, within Oyster Bay that LCT had purchased in 1901 for $200,000 which included many miles of trails for “woodland rambles.” Laurelton Hall’s gardens were designed by LCT, and he personally supervised their planting. Laurelton is the only garden that can be said to have been created from LCT’s own handiwork.

Laurelton Hall is set in scenic rural grandeur with a majestic view of Cold Spring Harbor. Louis Comfort Tiffany built the estate into complex, picturesque gardens and woodlands complete with ponds, tennis courts, and a bathing beach nestled by the harbor. The water from an on-site spring was channeled through several more fountains outdoors as well as an indoor fountain.

Interior Design – What kind of art was displayed at Laurelton Hall?

LCT was widely travelled and he filled Laurelton Hall with many of the unusual objects he came across from all over the world, including his impressive Islamic collection of art.

He bought art from the latest French Impressionist and Post-Impressionists, including Alfred Sisley. He also collected Japanese screens that decorated the walls of Laurelton Hall until his death in 1933.

The ceilings of Laurelton Hall are adorned with gold leaf murals incorporating woodland scenes by artist Louis Boehmer. There was the famous Tiffany chapel in Laurelton Hall with stained-glass windows, each one designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany.

One of the most famous rooms is the library, which features a large round window reminiscent of Tiffany’s stained-glass creations. Laurelton Hall also has examples of his handiwork in glass and stained glass, including lamps, tableware, windows and an elaborate frieze of flowers and birds.

Alice Cooney Frelinghuysen provides a well researched, detailed and illustrated book Louis Comfort Tiffany and Laurelton Hall: An Artist’s Country Estate Paperback, that is available on Amazon, here.

The book contains essays that highlight L.C. Tiffany’s homes and the most treasured pieces he created, which led him to finish his Laurelton Hall estate in Oyster Bay on Long Island. The breathtakingly beautiful photographs in this text will allow you to understand its design and placement over time.

What happened Laurelton Hall?

Later Years – Sale & Fire

Laurelton Hall was gifted to the Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation. After Louis Comfort Tiffany’s death the house gradually fell into a state of disrepair.

Financial issues led to the sale of the Halls contents in 1946.

Latterly Laurelton Hall was sold and sub-divided.

Finally, the Hall was destroyed by fire in 1957, perhaps caused by electrical issues.

Ultimately, The Laurelton Hall fire made it possible for the public to view more of Tiffany’s artwork and treasures that had been hidden from them previously at Laurelton Hall, as well as other his work. This also allowed people who weren’t able to visit Laurelton Hall before its destruction to see some of its historic pieces in museums around America

What did Laurelton House have to do with Louis Comfort Tiffany’s work?

Laurelton Hall, the former home of artist Louis Comfort Tiffany, provided a canvas for his unique integration of nature and exoticism. This was a dream home where creativity flowed freely and convention was eschewed. Laurelton Hall also served as a retreat where Louis Comfort Tiffany felt at home to express his individuality in all that he did: interior design, craftsman workmanship of leaded glass windows and stained-glass

Louis Comfort Tiffany’s life in Laurelton Hall was one of creativity and accomplishment: not only did he design magnificent gardens at the property, he also created a wide range of work on a variety of media and tiffany lamps.

Tiffany created Laurelton Hall as his own personal refuge, where he could indulge his eclectic tastes and escape from the pressures of business life.

Morse Museum of American

The Charles Hosmer Morse Museum, situated in Winter Park Fl. is the ultimate place to visit if you want to experience Louis Comfort Tiffany’s vision of Laurelton Hall.

The museum is the only institution in the United States that has a comprehensive collection of features and art from Laurelton Hall.

It features over one hundred pieces from Laurelton Hall and includes his magnificent leaded-glass windows, furniture, paintings, exhibits on Louis Comfort Tiffany himself and his family as well as examples of 19th-century art glass designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany.

Highlights: Louis Comfort Tiffany’s jewelry, pottery, paintings, art glass, leaded-glass lamps and windows; his famous chapel interior and art and architectural objects rescued from Laurelton Hall.

Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation

Laurelton Hall an artist’s retreat

In 1918, Louis Comfort Tiffany set up his foundation to manage the estate of Laurelton Hall and provide aspiring crafts people and young artists a retreat in which to flourish.

The foundation is notable for being the first artist endowment institution within the United States and for receiving its endowment from a living artist.

Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation:  financial support for projects

From 1946 the foundation ceased providing retreats and focused on awarding grants to artists. During this period grants were awarded annually through a competing in a range of categories such as painting, sculpture, graphics, and textile design reflecting Tiffany’s areas of expertise and artistic preferences. Every year, applicants submitted artwork to the National Academy of Design that was then exhibited and judged by its members.

Metropolitan museum of art

Remnants of Laurelton Hall can also be found at The Metropolitan museum of art.

A particularly impressive feature rescued and displayed from Laurelton Hall is a four-column loggia featuring vibrant floral capitals and glass-mosaic decorations

The Metropolitan museum of art has one of the most important collections of Tiffany glasswork.

The museum acquired its first Tiffany collection in 1896 when benefactor H. O. Havemeyer loaned 56 favrile glass vases. In 1925 Tiffany loaned his personal collection of blown glass, enamels, and pottery.

Furniture similar and architectural elements to which that might have been found at Laurelton Hall bequeathed from Havemeyer’s estate are also on display.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurelton_Hall

https://www.louiscomforttiffanyfoundation.org/

https://www.morsemuseum.org/louis-comfort-tiffany/laurelton-hall

http://www.oldlongisland.com/2009/02/laurelton-hall.html

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Louis_Comfort_Tiffany_and_Laurelton_Hall_An_Artists_Country_Estate

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/133

https://www.morsemuseum.org/on-exhibit/louis-comfort-tiffanys-laurelton-hall

https://www.morsemuseum.org/

Louis Comfort Tiffany – Father of Favrile Art Glass

Louis Comfort Tiffany is an American artist, in the art nouveau style, who was born in 1848. He is best known for his stained glass, lamps and windows. Louis’ father, Charles Lewis Tiffany,  founded the prestigious jewelry store, Tiffany & Co, that bears his name, which encouraged Louis to study the craft of making art with glass while he was still young. His earliest works were in the style of medieval cathedrals and lighthouses before he eventually developed his own unique style that combined traditional European techniques with Japanese influences.

American painter, craftsman, philanthropist, decorator, and designer Louis Comfort Tiffany is best known for his stained glass windows and lamps. Louis Tiffany is often referred to as the “Father of Modern Design”.

In this blog post you will learn about Louis’s life from when he was born until the time when he passed away at age 85!


Library of Congress

Louis Comfort Tiffany Biography

Louis Comfort Tiffany is a famous decorative arts artist who has a history of creating beautiful stained glass lamps and stained glass windows. Some people may have heard of his work, some might not. But he had an interesting life story that you don’t want to miss out on!

Louis Comfort Tiffany knew that to be a successful artist you needed just one person who believed enough for others to see your talent! So emboldened with this belief-he set out on what would become an amazing career as America’s most famous glassmaker of all time. 

  1. Born in 1848 in New York
  2. Famous father, Charles Lewis Tiffany, Founder of Tiffany & Co
  3. His mother was Harriet Olivia Avery Young and he had five siblings
  4. In 1872 he married Mary Woodbridge Goddard (c.1850-1884) and had 3 children with her: Lillian, Dorothy, and Louis Jr.
  5. After his first wife’s death he married Harriet Olivia Avery Young (1851–1904) on November 9, 1886 and had 4 children with her: Louise, Julia DeForest, Annie Olivia, and Dorothy Trimble Tiffany
  6. Louis Comfort Tiffany died January 17 1933, and his ashes were buried at Green-Wood Cemetery.

How much was Louis Comfort Tiffany worth upon his death?

LCT’s net worth was $20 million. He passed away January 17 1933 and this number takes into account his assets, his estate’s value, as well as the money he had made for other artists from commissioned work or royalties

What is Louis Comfort Tiffany Famous For?

Louis Comfort Tiffany has been credited with developing the technique of opalescent glass which he patented as Favrile Glass – this technique is still popular today.

He also created mosaics for buildings such as at the Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg and the House of Representatives Chamber at the United States Capitol.

His most famous works include the White House’s Blue Room c.1883, New York Public Library, and Philadelphia Museum of Art.

Louis Comfort Tiffany is considered to be one of America’s greatest designers, he was also a painter and an influential designer-craftsman who helped establish his country’s reputation for high style decoration.

Louis Comfort Tiffany’s glass lamps are highly sought after and regularly fetch millions of pounds at auction.

Louis Comfort Tiffany – Artist for the ages

Louis Comfort Tiffany’s Legacy can be summed up as:

  1. Louis Comfort Tiffany was a famous American artist
  2. He is best known for his stained glass windows and lamps
  3. His work can be found in many museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the National Gallery of Art
  4. Tiffany’s style has been very influential on other artists, like Dale Chihuly

He is best known for his stained glass windows and lamps. His work can be found in many museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and National Gallery Of art .

Louis Comfort Tiffany was initially a painter, but gradually shifted to work in glass. He attained great status as an artist during the 1880s and 1890s with his romanticized paintings of landscape that captured what he saw at Point Pleasant on the New Jersey shoreline among other places. Critics were dismissive when America joined World War I because they felt it marked a shift from old-fashioned art like Louis’s into modernism which had been flourishing for over half a century here by then; yet another generation would be born before critics reconsidered their opinions about him–by 1946 there was already something of revival underway thanks to exhibitions including one held at The Museum Of Contemporary Crafts In N ew York City organized by Edgar Kaufmann Jr., Lillian

Tiffany’s style has been very influential on other artists like Dale Chihuly.

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Louis Comfort Tiffany Key Events

  1. Louis Comfort Tiffany was born on February 18, 1848 in New York City
  2. He was the son of Charles Lewis Tiffany, founder of the luxury goods company Tiffany & Co., and Harriet Olivia Avery Young
  3. His early teens coincided with the American Civil War
  4. He attended formal school at Pennsylvania Military Academy in West Chester, Pennsylvania, and then Eagleswood Military Academy in Perth Amboy, New Jersey and then went to study art at the National Academy of Design (1866-1867)
  5. After finishing school, he wanted to be an artist but his father didn’t approve of this idea because it wasn’t profitable enough for him
  6. Louis married Mary Woodbridge Goddard (c1850-1884) on May 15, 1872
  7. In 1878 he opened his first studio, Louis C. Tiffany & Company, with a partner where they created lamps, stained glass windows, and other decorative objects.
  8. Louis Comfort Tiffany was appointed art director at Tiffany and Co. upon his father’s death in 1902.

Louis Comfort Tiffany Early Life and childhood

Born February 18 1848 in New York, Louis Comfort Tiffany’s childhood is a great example for all children to follow, because even at such an early age we can see just how talented this young boy really had been in his craftsmanship skills as well throughout different materials from wood carvings or metalworking which are still used today by those who do things similar but on much larger scales too.

Louis Comfort Tiffany’s childhood was one that was filled with creativity. He would use the scraps of materials he found and turn them into beautiful works.

Those who are already familiar with Louis Tiffany’s work will be able to spot the influences he has had on contemporary artists. However, even those with little knowledge of his work can see how he has influenced art in various parts the world.

Louis Comfort Tiffany Education

Louis was sent to boarding school at a young age and then went on to study architecture, history, and literature in college. He also studied art with his father’s friend George Inness, who introduced Louis to contemporary European painting styles when studied under him at Eaglewood prior to 1866

Tiffany enrolled at the National Academy of Design where he studied drawing and painting under  such greats as Samuel Colman from 1866–67.

LCT next took his studies abroad to France where he studied under Salon painter Leon-Adolphe-Auguste Belly, from 1868-69. This had a profound impact upon Louis work. It was during this period that he also visited Morocco, which also heavily influenced his artwork.

It was in the mid-1970s that Louis visited John LaFarge and was introduced to his experiments with glass work. This led to LCT’s own interest in glass work, eventually patenting Favrile glass and creating his famous glass lamps and other artwork.

Upon returning to the USA he had no desire whatsoever to pursue academic work or teaching, perhaps because it would have meant breaking ties from the family business which would have been a huge dishonour to them back then.

In 1870-1871 Louis was tutored in mural painting by the noted artist Thomas Seir Cummings at his studio on Broadway near Union Square . During this time tiffany apprenticed to George Pardee Jr., an engraver from New York City.

Louis Comfort Tiffany Early Career

In 1879 he established himself with two paintings: “A Pastoral” and “The Awakening Conscience” which were shown in the National Academy of Design annual exhibition.

Louis Comfort Tiffany began his career in 1879 forming form Louis Comfort Tiffany and Associated American Artists, with Candace Wheeler, Samuel Colman, and Lockwood de Forest. They specialized in designs for wallpaper, furniture, and textiles.

This initial venture was short lived and on the 1st December 1885 Louis Comfort Tiffany opened up his first glassmaking company, Tiffany Glass Company.

Tiffany Glass Company later became known as the iconic Tiffany Studios in 1902. Louis Comfort Tiffany’s company produced stained glass windows, lamps and other objects in a style that was not found anywhere else.

Louis Comfort Tiffany’s first notable commission was for the Boston Public Library, where he created a ceiling with paintings of cherubs and goddesses. He also designed stained glass windows there that depicted different scenes in American history including Daniel Webster defending statehood from England; John Adams at Philadelphia signing an agreement to create peace between France & America following Jefferson’s death ; Washington crossing Delaware on Christmas Day 1776

Louis Comfort Tiffany soon established himself with a very successful career as an artist and designer.  He was also a businessman who made glass and jewelry. He worked with many materials such as crystal, mosaic tiles or leaded-glass lampshades but his most famous work is probably the stained and painted windows he created for The Pineapple Room in New York City’s Grand Central Terminal.

Louis Comfort Tiffany work

It was at the turn of the century when tiffany louis comfort became a household name for his handcrafted stained glass windows and jeweled lamps, which were so coveted by New Yorkers they bought them off with instalment plans to avoid waiting in line each day after church on Sunday . This new patronage ushered out old industry practices like bookstores selling religious texts or publishers printing prayer books – as consumers now wanted more than just text; it’s about design! In 1880 he resigned from this position within company (Tiffany & Co.) whereupon devoted himself full time painting instead then later began experimenting various methods utilizing powdered metals such has copper foil , papier-mâché, and bronze .

In 1912 Tiffany’s mosaic work titled “Bible scenes” won a gold medal at the art competitions in Munich. This was one of his earliest experiments with large scale mosaics , which are so characteristic to him as an artist when you look back on all he has accomplished throughout career it’s not hard see how this became such important part for Louis Comfort Tifffany because they offered opportunity create without limitations or restrictions based solely upon size – unlike stained glass windows where design must be compatible dimensions window space available resulting very constrained by format; In 1913 after seeing Byzantine style church ( Hagia Sophia ) during World War I trip abroad ;Louis’ began designing churches including St Agnes Church in Washington, D.C.

Louis Comfort Tiffany Art Style

LCT was an American artist and designer who worked in stained glass, pottery, and jewelry.

LCT was also a leading art nouveau figure. His works are known for their intense colors and elaborate decorative details, which can be seen in the stained glass windows of churches all over America like The Chapel at Versailles or St Agnes Church . Louis’ designs were only limited by his imagination; he had no upper limits on size when it came to working with pieces such as lamps, earthenware, ceilings & buildings. This is because unlike many other artists who must work within certain confines due solely upon what will fit inside an existing space – being unable use too much paint if there isn’t enough wall surface nor create larger than life-size sculptures without destroying plaster from ceiling below, louis comfort tiffany was able to bridge this gap.

His designs often include flowers or plants that symbolize life or death, with the lotus flower becoming a key motif. Above all, Tiffany wanted to capture “the awe of nature’s beauty.”

The art style of Louis C Tiffany art style was heavily influenced by Japanese prints         .

In 1882, Tiffany visited Japan and was captivated by the art he saw. He began incorporating Japanese themes into his work including dragons or peonies in bloom

Louis Comfort Tiffany’s style of art is often described as “Opalescent” or “Orientalist”         

His art is characterized by an appreciation for nature and a desire to capture the awe of beauty. He often used designs that are floral or represent life, death

In 1882 Louis visited Japan where he was captivated with Japanese prints which influenced his work heavily after returning home from this trip – including dragons in bloom as well! His style can be categorized into Opalescent (opaque layers) Orientalist styles- using shapes/layouts seen before typically found only on Asian textiles & paintings but reinterpreted through Western lens; focused mostly around spiritual themes like Hinduism& Buddhism rather than figurative forms we see more commonly today such as animals and so forth.

Louis Comfort Tiffany Studio

In 1878, he opened a studio, the LCT Glass Company, that became internationally recognized as a leader in art glass production and design

Tiffany strongly believed that quality objects should also be functional with useable parts, so he created lamps out of stained-glass windows to mimic the effect of electrical lighting, for interior lighting purposes, because electricity wasn’t common yet at this time period – this is what makes him different than most designers back then! These were often used by churches or mansions where there are large spaces needing light without any electric wires around them. He would have lights hanging all over these buildings.

  1. Tiffany Studios was founded in 1892
  2. The company is best known for its stained glass windows, lamps, vases, mosaics and other items that were created using colorful leaded glass techniques
  3. In addition to the beautiful objects they made, the studio also had a significant impact on interior design with their use of color and patterning
  4. In the late nineteenth century, LCT became interested in using colored glass to create stained-glass windows with a more colorful palette than traditional church windows or other examples from antiquity
  5. He wanted his work to be accessible to everyone who could afford it

5.In 1892, they opened a new Tiffany glass furnaces in Corona, Queens where many of their designs were manufactured, known initially as the Stourbridge Glass Company. Later the Tiffany glass furnaces were renamed Tiffany Furnaces in 1902 and was in operation until 1928

Lewis Comfort Tiffany Awards, Accolades and Achievements

In 1882 he was awarded a medal at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition for his stained glass window “The Daughters of America.”  He became one point and then assistant to renowned architect Stanford White, where Louis contributed to many architectural commissions, including Tiffany’s work on the interior of the original Madison Square Garden and a chapel at Stanford University.

In 1894, Tiffany became one point in charge of his own design studio where he focused on industrial arts with production coming from what is now known as the Tiffany Studios. He was commissioned to create windows for more than 40 churches and cathedrals including those in New York City, Washington D.C., St. Louis and San Francisco.

In 1896, he was commissioned to provide stained glass windows for the Basilica of Saint Patrick in New York City’s Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan  such as “The West Window” which is a depiction of Jesus with lamb bearing the Apostles’ Creed on one side and the Virgin Mary with lamb bearing the prayer “Ave Maria” on the other.

Tiffany had a great interest in gardens and flowers, which found its way into his work. He was given commissions for several garden settings including one of  the grandest private estate gardens ever commissioned – Laurelton Hall near Oyster Bay Cove (Long Island), New York.

Tiffany was awarded the Gold Medal of Honor from the American Institute of Architects in 1887 

in 1892, Tiffany was awarded the Legion of Honour by France for his contributions to art. 

He was honored with a bronze medal at the Paris Exposition Universelle (1900) for his stained glass windows in Philadelphia’s Pennsylvania Station 

In 1915 he received an honorary degree from Yale University 

He also won awards for his work on New York City’s Central Park West apartment houses.

He also received a medal from Emperor Franz Joseph I and Imperial Japan’s Crown Prince Hirohito amongst other honours

Louis Comfort Tiffany Societies

Tiffany was a member of the Society for American Artists          

Louis Comfort Tiffany was among the founding members of The Society for Establishing an Art School in New York. He also served as President, Vice-President and Director from 1872 to 1904

He also belonged to the National Academy of Design, which he served as president from 1879-1894      

The National Academy of Design elected Louis Comfort Tiffany as an honorary member in 1894

He was also a founding associate, and served on the Board from 1907-1925. He helped to establish its headquarters at West 155th Street between Broadway & Seventh Avenue (now Carter G Woodson Building) when it became more difficult for artists living uptown or downtown Manhattan who can’t afford cab fare all day long just be able to come down here by train each morning  These committees were: Committee On Instruction; Executive Council Of The Institution’s Advisory Boards ; Finance And Compensation Committee For Staff Members – which he chaired until 1925;”Committee To Study Problems Related With Organization” etcetera . Between 1915 through 1919 appointed Chairman Art

The artist was also an honorary member of the Royal Canadian Academy and a founding member of the Guilds League of New York.

In 1903, Louis Comfort Tiffany was invited to become one of the founding members for The Guilds League Of National Art and Design in America- a group dedicated towards promoting not only artisanship but American handcraftsmanship as well; In 1915 he became an honorary member of The Royal Canadian Academy – which is basically Canada’s answer to Britain’s Royal Academy .

In 1878 he co-founded The Architectural League of New York with architect Stanford White to promote architecture as a fine art. The Architectural League of New York is the oldest organization in America devoted to architecture and urban planning. He became the first president of The Architectural League of New York in 1894

He was a member of the Lotos Club, which is an art club in Manhattan

He also served on many Boards that were related with either education or charity work: Committee On Instruction ; Executive Council For Advisory Board s (he chaired this until 1925)  Finance & Compensation Committee For Staff Members etcetera.

He was a member of the Lotos Club, which is an art club in Manhattan. He also belonged to The Tile Association and served as president from 1879-1894. Louis Comfort Tiffany became interested with mosaic tile work while living abroad for several years before returning home where he found many other artists who shared his interest including John La Farge (who designed stained glass windows) William Morris Hunt(a muralist), Walter Crane and Ernest Nister all whom were members at this time

Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation

In 1918, Tiffany gifted Laurelton Hall to his foundation, the Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation. It managed a fellowship program for young artists and designers.

The foundation’s art holdings, which include over 6000 pieces of Tiffany glass and jewelry as well as paintings and other works on paper by his contemporaries (such as Robert Henri), are now internationally renowned for their quality and significance in American decorative arts history. The Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation is also responsible for the preservation, interpretation, promotion, and sharing of the Foundation’s collections.

The Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation has been recognized as one of America’s premier artistic institutions with an international reputation for excellence in scholarship, exhibitions, collection management and public programs. The Foundation’s mission is to preserve, interpret and promote the legacy of Louis Comfort Tiffany.

Is Tiffany glass the same as Tiffany jewelry?

Generally not.

Lewis Comfort Tiffany and Tiffany Studios should not be confused with Tiffany & Co, the famous jewelry store set up by his father Charles Lewis Tiffany.

Although Louis C Tiffany was associated with Tiffany & Co, especially from the time of his fathers death, he is best known in his own right for his paintings and famous glasswork.

Tiffany & Co on the other hand was created as an upscale stationers and gift shop that evolved and became famous for its Jewelry.

Tiffany Studios is the name of Louis Comfort Tiffany’s studio, which he established in 1892. It was then that Tiffany set up a painting studio on West Twenty-Third Street and took over as director of fine glass design from John La Farge. This building also became home to one of the finest arts workshops in America.

Laurelton Hall – Louis Comfort Tiffany Estate

  1. The Laurelton Hall is a Louis Comfort Tiffany estate in Oyster Bay, New York
  2. It was built between 1894 and 1898 for Charles Oliver Iselin (1853-1932) and his wife, Laura Ten Broeck Storms Iselin (1854-1943)
  3. This Victorian style mansion has been open to the public since 1972 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places
  4. The Laurelton Hall features stained glass windows by Louis Comfort Tiffany himself which depict scenes from Shakespeare’s plays as well as other classical themes
  5. 5.Laurelton Hall also boasts a grand staircase with wrought iron railings designed by Stanford White, who also designed the Washington Square Arch in Manhattan

To find out more about the charming Laurelton Hall click to read my post here!

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Comfort_Tiffany

https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tiff/hd_tiff.htm

https://www.morsemuseum.org/louis-comfort-tiffany

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-Comfort-Tiffany

https://www.theartstory.org/artist/tiffany-louis-comfort/life-and-legacy/

https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/louis-comfort-tiffany-8662.php

https://www.morsemuseum.org/chronology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurelton_Hall

https://www.louiscomforttiffanyfoundation.org/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_glass

https://www.morsemuseum.org/louis-comfort-tiffany/tiffany-studios

https://www.cmog.org/collection/exhibitions/tiffanys-glass-mosaics/tiffany-and-studio

How to clean a Tiffany Lamp – Cleaning Stained Glass

Find out quickly and simply how to clean a Tiffany Lamp. I bullet point the key steps of how to clean stained glass lamps and for cleaning stained glass windows.


Creative Commons Green Cleaning Kit
A Tiffany Style Lamp is the focal point of your room and when lit it is natural that you want to show off your lamp to maximum effect.

Leaving build ups of dust on your Tiffany Glass Lamp shade can over time lead to discolouration of the glass. Build-up of dirt and grime will lead to tarnishing of metal lamp bases over time.

Different types of metal require different cleaning solutions, so I cover how to identify which type of metal lamp base that you have and cleaning solutions for metal lamp bases.

Not all types of Tiffany Lamps should be cleaned the same way, so I highlight the best cleaning methods for each. A genuine Tiffany Lamp is often worth several thousands of dollars, so you should thing carefully before removing engrained dirt. It may pay to seek the help of an expert who has experience in handling these delicate lamps.

Cleaning stained glass lamp shade – Cleaning Highlights:

  1. Unplug and allow your Tiffany Style Lamp to cool
  2. Rub colored glass softly with lemon oil furniture cleaner using lint free cloth
  3. Rub clear glass softly with ammonia free glass cleaner using lint free cloth
  4. Clean porcelain Tiffany Style Lamps with lint free cloth and rub dry
  5. Dust your lamp regular with a feather duster to reduce build-up of dirt.
Do not forget to clean dust from the inside of the shade. This is important to allow light through your lampshade and highlighting the fabulous colors.
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Cleaning Tiffany Lampshades with colored glass


  1. Unplug your Tiffany Lamp and allow to cool.
  2. Tiffany Lampshades that contain colored or opaque glass, cabochons (cut and polished gemstones) should be cleaned with lemon oil furniture cleaner and a lint free cloth.
  3. Apply a small amount of the lemon oil furniture to a lint free cloth.
  4. Polish the lamp shade with a clean lint free cloth
  5. Clean regularly with a feather duster to deter the build-up of dirt.
Lemon Oil Cleaners avoid the discoloration and oxidisation (weakening) of the copper foiled leadwork in your Tiffany Style Lamp, as well as protecting the integrity of the metal fittings.

Cleaning Tiffany Lampshades with clear glass

  1. Unplug your Tiffany Lamp and allow to cool.
  2. Tiffany Style Lampshades that contain clear glass panels should be cleaned with a glass cleaner that is ammonia, vinegar or acid free.
  3. Apply a small amount of the glass cleaner to a lint free cloth and gently rub the glass panels.
  4. Polish the lamp shade with a clean lint free cloth
  5. Clean regularly with a feather duster to deter the build-up of dirt.
Glass cleaners that contain Ammonia, vinegar or are acid-based are too harsh to the delicate glass panels in Tiffany Lamps and so should be avoided. If your clean your clear glass Tiffany Style Lampshade regularly you should be able to get good results from just rubbing with a damp lint free cloth, avoiding the need to use a glass cleaner.

Cleaning Porcelain Tiffany Style Lamps


  1. Unplug your Tiffany Lamp and allow to cool.
  2. Use a damp lint free cloth to wipe clean your Porcelain Tiffany Lamp
  3. With a clean lint free cloth rub and polish the lamp dry
  4. Clean regularly with a feather duster to deter the build-up of dirt.

Cleaning grease from a Tiffany Style Lamp

Tiffany Lamps or Tiffany Style Lamps fitted in a kitchen may attract grease from cooking. If this happens to your lamp you will need to use a degreaser.
  1. Unplug your Tiffany Lamp and allow to cool.
  2. Wear rubber gloves
  3. Only apply a small amount of degreaser to a lint free cloth.
  4. Rub the lamp sparingly at a time
  5. Wipe clean the glass with a dry lint free cloth
Applying too much degreaser in one go can saturate the leadwork, weakening it. Following the method above will preserve the integrity of the copper foiled leadwork in your lamp and soldered metal parts.

How to clean Tiffany lamp base – How to clean a metal lamp

Authentic Tiffany Lamps are almost always made from brass, whereas reproduction or Tiffany Style lamps feature plastic, wood, brass or zinc bases. Any metal lamp base will become tainted over time with exposure to air, so it is important to clean these lamp bases regularly to maintain them to the highest standards. Cleaning antique brass lamps at least once every six months will avoid the long term build-up of muck and dust avoiding long term problems. How to clean a metal lamp – Quick steps:
  1. Prepare a damp soft cloth with warm soapy water
  2. Rub down the metal base of the lamp with the cloth
  3. For an extremely dirty lamp rub down carefully with extra fine steel wool, grade 0000
  4. Use a medium firm toothbrush to get into harder spots.
  5. For extremely tarnished bases, use the appropriate, for each, metal polishing cleaner
When polishing a tarnished metal lamp base, choose the metal polish cleaner depending on whether you have a zinc or brass metal base. Examine the manufacturer’s instructions but normally you will apply a small amount of the metal polish cleaner covering the entire lamp base or tarnished are as necessary. The polish should be left to dry and then removed from the lamp base by both rubbing and buffing. If any polish remains in hard to reach spots then clean with some warm water and completely dry. The easiest way to tell if you have a brass or zinc lamp base is to test with magnet. Solid brass is not magnetic. A brass plated lamp or zinc lamp base on the other hand will be magnetic. Another test would be to look for a scratch or make a small scratch out of the way on your Tiffany Lamp Base. Shiny yellow means you have a brass lamp base, while silver will indicate a zinc lamp base.

Recommended Cleaning Products – lemon oil furniture cleaner – flux cleaner for stained glass

Applying a small amount of lemon oil furniture cleaner on your glass Tiffany lamp shade will penetrate grime deeper and loosen any engrained dirt. It will also work well on metal lamp bases. The lemon oil cleaner will brighten the glass, allowing you to enjoy the colors more. Always remove all residue from the cleaner thoroughly, first with a clean damp cloth and then wipe with a dry cloth. Acidic cleaners over time will weaken the lead solder in your lamp. Always try a new cleaning product on a small test area first. The most popular lemon oil furniture cleaners are: Guardsman Revitalizing Lemon Oil Old English Wood Polish Milsek Furniture Polish and Cleaner with Lemon Oil Homequicks highlights a simple recipe that can be used to make your own lemon oil furniture cleaner: “In a bowl, combine 2 parts olive oil and 1 part fresh lemon juice together. Give it a good stir and dip a soft, clean cotton towel in it. Moving in circular motion, use this cloth to wipe the furniture; for wooden furniture, go in the same direction as the grain. If there are any hard-to-reach surfaces, dip a soft-bristled toothbrush to get the job done. Take another dry, clean towel and wipe the oil off the furniture.” If you have done any repair work to your Tiffany Lamp, then you may want to use a flux cleaner for stained glass. It will remove any excess solder from. The two most popular products are Kwik Clean Flux Cleaner & Cj’S Flux Remover

Acknowledgements

https://living.thebump.com/clean-tiffany-style-lamps-7928.html https://homeguides.sfgate.com/clean-tiffanystyle-lamps-78133.html https://www.wikihow.com/Clean-Zinc https://homeguides.sfgate.com/clean-metal-lamp-90135.html https://www.buckleguy.com/blog/the-difference-between-brass-and-zinc/ https://www.lifeorganizers.com/housekeeping-101/lemon-oil-not-just-furniture https://homequicks.com/lemon-oil-for-furniture

What is a Tiffany Lamp Worth? – Most expensive Tiffany Lamps

In this blog we discover the most expensive Tiffany Lamps in the World. To give you an idea of the range of values of authentic Tiffany Lamps I highlight some Tiffany Lamps sold at Auction. 

In the second half of the blog I tell you how how to identify a Real Tiffany Lamp using Tiffany Lamp Markings and more!


Authentic Tiffany Lamps are still highly sought after. I was interested in finding out what a Tiffany Lamp is worth.

Originally when I wrote this blog the most expensive Tiffany Lamp was sold for under $3 million. But as you will read below this has recently been surpassed by some margin.

Prices of authentic Tiffany Lamps start from around $4000 to over $3 million.

To find out where you can see real Tiffany Lamps read here!

 

Tiffany Studios Pond Lily Table Lamp
Creative Commons LACMA Tiffany Studios Pond Lily Table Lamp
 

Tiffany Pond Lily – the most expensive Tiffany Lamp

On December 13th, 2018 Louis Comfort Tiffany’s Pond Lily Table lamp sold at Christie’s for $3,372,500. This by far exceeded the guide price of $1,800,000 – $2,500,000 and was the most expensive Tiffany Lamp sold for in twenty years. “Pond Lily” was thought to have been made around 1903.

There are only ten known examples of the “Pond Lily” to have been built.

Production was discontinued in 1910.

If you want to view one of these stunning lamps then The Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art, New York, have their own “Pond Lily”, gifted by Mr and Mrs Hugh Grant in 1974. The shade (model no. 344) measures 47.31 cm in diameter and the base (also model no. 344) is 67.4 cm in height.

This lamp has often been known as Flowering Lotus or Descending Lotus. It is expected that the Pond Lily is an early design. One indication of this is that the shade and base were designed in tandem The absence of marks and presence of early production numbers rather than model numbers is a further clue. The
original price was $400.

Previous to this the highest price a Tiffany Lamp fetched at auction was $2.8 million at a Christie’s auction in 1997.

Tiffany Floor Lamp – Tiffany Dragonfly Floor Lamp

Tiffany’s imposing Dragonfly Floor Lamp was up for auction at Sotherby’s December 13th, 2018 where it realized $675,000 (estimate of $500,000), making it another of the most expensive Tiffany Lamps.

The Tiffany Dragonfly Floor Lamp dates to around 1910.

I review the best Tiffany Style Dragonfly Floor Lamps for purchase in this blog!

Tiffany Lamp Auctions

A large lot of Tiffany Lamps sold at Murphy Auctions on December 5th, 2018.

Amongst the pieces sold was a large shade 16 panel Linenfold table lamp which realised $6,190.

A ten-light lily lamp with gold Favrile shades with lightly ribbed bodies on a base is finished in gold. The lamp 52.7 cm in height sold $25,200, which was less than its estimate.

Next was a Tiffany Studios Nautilus desk lamp with a bronze base depicting a mermaid rising out of the water with waves surrounding her body and with her hands supporting a nautilus shell shade. The
lamp is 16½ inches high and it went for $18,450, within estimate.

Perhaps the best example at the Tiffany Lamp Auction at the auction was a Poppy Table lamp that sold for less than its estimate at $141,450. At nearly 70 cm in height with a shade that is just over 50 cm in diameter this impressive lamp features purple and maroon poppies set against a mottled and shaded blue backdrop. It is
finished with a band of shaded green poppy leaves around the edge of the shade.

A Tiffany Studios Poppy table lamp measures 27 inches tall with a shade that is 20¼ inches in diameter. This lamp has a leaded glass shade in purple and maroon poppies set against a mottled and shaded blue background. A band of shaded green poppy leaves surround the edge of this shade. This lamp sold within
estimate at $141,450.

Lesser value authentic Tiffany Lamps

Lamps that are have harmoniously designed shades formed from a mosaic of hundreds of individual glass pieces are considered the ultimate examples and can be purchased for between $100,000 – $150,000

The later styles with floral designs and vibrant colors are the most popular examples for todays consumers. The more popular designs can range from the dreamy flowing floral designs like the Tiffany Daffodil lamp to the Oriental designs like the Tiffany Poppy Lamp.

How to identify a Real Tiffany Lamp  – Tiffany Lamp Appraisal

There a few techniques that can show you how to identify a real Tiffany Lamp.

The form of a Tiffany Lampshade is important. They should have cone or globe shaped. A Tiffany Lamp normally comes with a brass base.

Tiffany Lamp designs are largely botanical in nature such as pond lilies, or feature dragonflies, butterflies, spiders and peacock feathers. Geometric patterns are also widely featured.

Due to the age of authentic Tiffany Lampshades there is likely to be some movement in the glass shade. So holding the shade at the top and lightly knocking on the glass can help to indicate you have a real Tiffany shade if there is a slight rattle. Fakes do not tend to rattle as the soldering is newer and firmer.

Much of the glass produced by Tiffany Studios contains specks of color, often known as confetti glass. Gold glass where used should have a translucent amber sheen. Fake shades containing gold glass often have a greenish tint or a very pale translucent gold color.

Tiffany Lamps have the paint embedded into the glass, whereas with some fakes the color can be painted onto the glass. Simply applying a small amount of nail remover to the glass surface can tell if this is the case.

An authentic Tiffany lamp should have a signature. On early model this will take the form of a thin sheet of brass that has been stamped with the Tiffany Studio name. These however are not difficult to make so you will need to look for further signs. Glass palates in some original lamps are less garish than fakes. The color palette of originals is more understated. In other lamps the pattern may have been altered and can appear sloppy compared to the original. The pattern of original lamps tend to be more natural in style than the fakes. The Neustadt Collection of Tiffany Glass contains an archive of all the glass used by Tiffany Studios, so it is further possible to identify forgeries that are found to have been made with glass not by Tiffany Studios. Fake Tiffany lamps can also suffer from bad paintwork or soldering.

Tiffany lamp markings

Most authentic Tiffany Lamp shades are signed. How they are stamped varies over time. Some of the Shades bear the complete Tiffany name on the outer rim, while others state “Tiffany Studios”, Tiffany and Co.”, or initials. A lot of the shades have a model number, which can match the base if made as a set. The model number will appear by the name stamp. Many shades are marked by a bronze pad. These Tiffany lamp markings, stamps or signatures are pretty easy to copy so should not in isolation form a decision that you have a genuine Tiffany Lamp.

An original Tiffany Lamp base should contain a grey metal ring within the base cap. Practically all original lamps feature a hollow bronze base with a heavy ring of lead inside. In a small number of lamps mosaic bases were, however used. Brass, zinc, white metal, plastic or wood bases are common in fake models.

Tiffany bronze bases often develop a patina as they age. However better forgers can add a fake patina, so authenticity cannot be guaranteed by this alone.

Most real Tiffany Lamps feature a turn-paddle knob to operate them. There are a small number that use a chain pull instead.

A great resource in determining the authenticity of a Tiffany Lamp is the book “The Lamps of Louis Comfort Tiffany” a collaboration by Martin Eidelberg, Alice Cooney Frelinghuysen, Nancy A. McClelland and Lars Rachen. If nothing else it serves as a great piece of eye candy and is probably my favorite book covering Tiffany’s Lamps. There are some great essays included in the book as well as a comprehensive catalogue of the most important lamps.

Detecting a Tiffany Lamp Forgery by the Neustadt Collection:

Where can I see Tiffany lamps?/What museums have Tiffany Lamps?

Click on the link to read my blog on the best museums to visit and see authentic Tiffany Lamps:

Tiffany Lamp Collections – Best Places for Real Tiffany Lamp

What about Tiffany Style Lamps?

Click on the link to read my blog about re-production Tiffany Style Lamps:

What is a Tiffany Style Lamp?

Acknowledgements:

https://antiques.lovetoknow.com/about-antiques/how-identify-antique-tiffany-lamps

https://homeguides.sfgate.com/identify-real-tiffany-lamp-53447.html

 

Authentic Tiffany Floor lamps – Most Valuable / Where to Buy

In this blog I detail the Top 6 Antique Tiffany Floor Lamps sold at auction, including the outstanding Authentic Tiffany Dragonfly Floor Lamp on display at the Museum of Fine Art in Boston. Other historical Antique Tiffany Floor Lamps highlighted include a Poinsettia Floor Lamp and Daffodil Floor Lamp.

We then discuss where to buy Genuine Louis Comfort Tiffany Floor Lamps including the Macklowe Gallery in New York, top auction houses featuring Authentic Tiffany Lamps and auction listing sites that feature historical details of Real Tiffany Lamps sold at auction and upcoming auctions.


Tiffany Studios Peony Floor Lamp
Creative Commons TIFFANY STUDIOS LEADED GLASS AND BRONZE BORDER PEONY FLOOR LAMP. Circa 1920

If your looking to buy a Tiffany Style Floor Lamp then this review blog will give you the answers you need.

Antique Tiffany Floor lamps – Best Sold at Auction

Some examples of Louis Comfort Tiffany’s most famous tiffany floor lamps include:

1. Tiffany Studios Hanging Head “Dragonfly” Floor Lamp

The Museum of Fine Art in Boston have a fine example of the Tiffany Dragonfly Floor Lamp.

This lamp comes with a Mosaic and Turtle Back base and dates to between 1905 and 1910.

The dimensions of the lamp including shade and base are 33 1/8 x 22 1/2 inches.

In 1989 the lamp was acquired from Harvey Weinstein, by a Japanese collector Mr. Takeo Horiuch Mr Horiuch became an avid Tiffany collector and created the S. C. Tiffany Garden Museum in the coastal town of Matsue, Japan to house his collection. Arguably this collection became the most important Tiffany Studios and Art Nouveau to have existed. Circumstances dictated that the collection must be broken up and this Dragonfly Floor Lamp was acquired by Boston’s Museum of Fine Art via the auction house Michaan on December 12, 2012.

2. Tiffany Studios Patinated-Bronze and Leaded Favrile Glass Poinsettia Floor Lamp

This cone-shaped lamp features a myriad of poinsettia blossoms in mottled shades of pink, red and amethyst, set against a backdrop of green and amber leaves and a ground of mottled white and turquoise.

The dimensions of the lamp including shade and base are 64 x 28 1/4 inches.

The lamp coming from the Estate of Charles Davis White Thompson fetched $317,500 at Doyle’s Auction on September 29th, 2004.

Another example considered to be the finest Poinsettia floor lamp was sold at Christies on December 10, 1998 for $795,000, exceeding its estimate of $400,00-$600,000. This lamp was 78 in x 26 inches and dates to around 1910.

The Tiffany Poinsettia Floor Lamps were said to have been inspired by Louis Comfort Tiffany’s love of nature as a Christmas piece, hence the red and green coloring.

According to a write up by Paul Doros for Sotheby’s the Poinsettia floor lamps first appeared for sale by Tiffany Studios around December, 2008. Poinsettia’s had already established a Christmas appeal in the United States since their introduction in 1828. These lamps were promoted as having a “distinctly Christmas atmosphere”.

The shades were available in six different sizes from 14 to 26 inches.

The table lamp version was not introduced for a further three years and was intended as a more affordable version, that was a “practical Christmas Gift of permanent value”.

3. Tiffany Studios Intaglio-Carved Favrile Glass, Turtleback Tile and Bronze Floor Lamp

An example of this lamp was sold by Christies in December 8th, 2000 for $25,850, exceeding the reserve price of $18,000 – $24,000.

Dating to around 1910, the lamp design feature three intaglio-carved dragonflies, a butterfly and a fly. The background color of the shade is a “Murano” green.

The dimensions of the lamp including shade and base are 53 1/2 x 10 1/2 inches.

4. Tiffany Studios Butterfly Etched Iridescent Favrile Glass and Bronze Floor Lamp

Waddington’s Auction House of Toronto, Canada sold this Tiffany Floor Lamp on June 10th, 2009 for more than double the top end of its reserve price, realising $25,200

The dimensions of the lamp including shade and base are 54 x 10.2 inches.

5. Tiffany Studios, Leaded Daffodil Floor Lamp

This gorgeous Tiffany Floor lamp was sold by James D. Julia auction house on November 28, 2012.

Realising over 9 times the upper reserve price, the lamp realized $13,800 at the auction. While not as intricate as the Dragonfly floor lamp above, I personally believe this was excellent value for the delightful design, number of glass pieces and color palette.

Featuring yellow daffodils and green leaves, set against a mottled blue background the shade rests upon an undecorated brass junior floor base.

The shade dates from 1919 and the complete lamp measures 64 x 20 inches.

6. Tiffany Studios A Favrile Glass and Patinated Bronze Floor Lamp, circa 1900

This Tiffany Bronze Floor Lamp sold at Bonham’s auction house in London, United Kingdom on October 7th, 2015.

The lamp dating to around 1900 realized $1500 at auction.

Being one of Tiffany’s earlier pieces it is simpler in design than the Dragonfly or Daffodil floor lamps and does not feature the copper foil method of manufacture.

The dimensions of this lamp were not listed.

The six floor lamps listed above range in value from around $2000 to over $300,000. The values reached at auction date back to as far as the year 2000, so there is sure to be a significant increase in the value of these authentic Tiffany Floor Lamps if they went to auction today.

Where to buy Real Tiffany Lamps – Genuine Tiffany Floor Lamp

The Macklowe Gallery

The Macklowe Gallery features an extensive range of original tiffany floor lamps from their gallery in Park Avenue, New York.

Macklowe Gallery Tiffany Lamps range from the entire period of Tiffany Studios from around 1900 to 1928. The Tiffany Lamps on offer are all signed Tiffany Studios New York or Tiffany Furnaces.

Macklowe’s website features excellent photography of the lamps and detailed descriptions.

Check out the Macklowe gallery here:

http://www.macklowegallery.com

Auction Houses

Christies, Sotheby’s, Doyles auction houses all regularly feature Tiffany Studios works for sale.

https://www.sothebys.com

https://www.christies.com

https://doyle.com

Christies has the following guide to authentic Tiffany Lamps:

https://www.christies.com/features/Tiffany-lamps-10-things-you-need-to-know-9542-3.aspx

There are various websites that list Tiffany items both historically and that are coming up for sale. My favorite amongst these are:

https://www.invaluable.com

https://www.liveauctioneers.com

http://www.artnet.com/artists/tiffany-studios/

Acknowledgements:

https://www.invaluable.com/blog/inside-the-archives-tiffany-lamp-prices/

https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/hanging-head-dragonfly-table-lamp-567459

https://doyle.com/auctions/04be03-belle-epoque/catalogue/520-tiffany-studios-patinated-bronze-and-leaded-favrile

http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2018/tiffany-dreaming-in-glass-n09958/lot.323.html